Current is defined as the flow of what through a material?

Current is defined as the flow of electrons through a material. Electrons are negatively charged particles that, when they move, generate an electric current. This flow can occur in conductive materials, such as metals, which have free electrons that can move easily within the atomic structure.

In most electrical circuits, the movement of these electrons creates the current that powers devices. Protons, though positively charged, are bound within the nucleus of an atom and do not move freely in conductive materials, making them irrelevant to the definition of current. Neutrons, which are neutral particles, do not contribute to electric charge movement at all. Atoms themselves are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons, but it is specifically the movement of electrons that establishes the flow of current. Thus, understanding the role of electrons is crucial in the study of electricity and electrical systems.